Which laboratory tests are useful when assessing individuals who may be victims of human trafficking?

• A. Complete blood count, STD testing (including HIV), ova and parasites, hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis.
• B. Urinalysis only.
• C. Blood glucose level only.
• D. X-ray imaging only.

Answer: (A)

A broad initial laboratory workup is important because trafficking victims may have interrupted care, varied exposures, and hidden health needs. A complete blood count helps identify anemia, immune issues, or active infection, providing a baseline for overall health and immediate concerns. Testing for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, is essential given potential sexual exploitation and to allow timely treatment and prevention of transmission. Checking for ova and parasites screens for intestinal infections that can contribute to malnutrition, abdominal pain, and weakness, which are not uncommon in unstable living conditions. Screening for hepatitis B and C addresses possible bloodborne exposures and guides vaccination or antiviral management as needed. TB testing is important because close living quarters and high-risk environments increase the chance of exposure, and identifying latent or active infection informs treatment and infection control measures.

Urinalysis alone would miss many of these infectious and chronic conditions; testing a single parameter like blood glucose or relying on imaging alone would not provide the comprehensive health picture needed to guide care and safety planning. This broad approach helps establish baseline health, informs urgent and preventive care, and supports coordinated follow-up and support for the individual.